Samurai swords are meticulously crafted weapons composed of several essential components and parts:
Blade (Nagasa): The main cutting part, featuring a curved, single-edged design.
Handle (Tsuka): Made of wood and wrapped in rayskin (samegawa) and cord (ito) for a secure grip.
Guard (Tsuba): The handguard between the blade and handle, often decorated to protect the wielder's hand.
Collar (Habaki): A metal piece at the base of the blade that ensures a snug fit into the scabbard.
Spacers (Seppa): Metal washers on either side of the tsuba to secure the fittings.
Handle Collar (Fuchi): The collar at the top of the handle, adding strength and aesthetic appeal.
Pommel (Kashira): The end cap of the handle, often decorated, which secures the handle wrap.
Ornamental Grips (Menuki): Decorative pieces under the handle wrap for additional grip and aesthetics.
Peg (Mekugi): Small bamboo or metal pegs that secure the blade's tang to the handle.
Scabbard (Saya): The wooden sheath that houses the blade, often lacquered and decorated.
Cord (Sageo): Attached to the saya, used to secure the scabbard to the samurai's belt.
These components work together to create a balanced, functional, and beautiful weapon that reflects the craftsmanship and tradition of Japanese sword-making.